Which of the following is an example of an inherited disease?

Color blindness is indeed an example of an inherited disease. It is primarily caused by genetic factors, often linked to mutations in the genes responsible for photopigments in the retina. This condition follows a pattern of inheritance known as X-linked recessive inheritance, which means that the gene responsible for color blindness is located on the X chromosome. Males, having only one X chromosome, are more frequently affected compared to females, who have two X chromosomes and may carry a normal copy of the gene that can mask the color blindness.

In contrast, spina bifida is a neural tube defect that can result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors but is not solely inherited. Hepatitis is typically caused by viral infections and is not inherited genetically, while osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease associated with wear and tear over time rather than inherited in a single-gene manner. Each of these options highlights different types of conditions, but only color blindness is primarily characterized by its genetic inheritance.