What are the two main types of cells that compose nervous tissue?

Nervous tissue is primarily composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body. They have a unique structure that includes a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, allowing them to process and communicate information.

Glial cells, on the other hand, serve important supportive roles in the nervous system. They do not conduct impulses like neurons do but provide essential support, protection, and nourishment to neurons. Glial cells include a variety of types such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, each with specific functions that are critical for maintaining overall nervous system health and function.

The other choices mention cells that are unrelated to nervous tissue: red blood cells and platelets pertain to the circulatory system, while osteocytes and chondrocytes are associated with bone and cartilage in the skeletal system, respectively. Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are types of muscle tissue, which has distinct functions separate from those of nervous tissue. Understanding these distinctions reinforces the importance of knowing the specific types of cells that comprise each tissue in the human body.